Critical Pedagogies

Freire (1970) presents the notion of education as a tool of reflection and action (a praxis) in which students can explore the nature of the oppression they experience
hooks (1994, 2003) highlights the role of educators in impacting the success of students as they interpret the world,

Infographic. A circle in the middle with the word 'Praxis' on it. Around it was 4 smaller circles with the words theory, reflection, action, and reflection again. Those four words are connected with lines. — eLM graphics

Culturally relevant pedagogy (Ladson-Billings, 1995, 1998) aims to produce students with:
1. Sustained academic achievement
2. Cultural competence
3. An ability to critique the social order in which they live
Culturally sustaining education (Paris & Alim, 2017) promotes linguistic, literate and cultural pluralism rather than reinforcing assimilation and colonialism

3 overlapping circles with the words student leanring and achievement, cultural competence, and critical consciousness. — eLM graphics