ICUAW describes a spectrum of muscle weaknesses that develop in critically ill patients which may last for years following ICU discharge. It is caused in part by the inactivity and unloading muscles experienced by ICU patients due to complete bedrest, sedation and at times paralysis required for mechanical ventilation of the unstable critically ill patient. It is associated with increased ICU, hospital, and 1-year mortality rates. Patients who are 66 years or older who have been on a ventilator in the ICU for two or more weeks are left with a 50% chance of ever being able to wash, feed, or dress themselves again. In up to 50% of critical illness survivors, the muscle wasting, and weakness could be permanent, inducing life-long disability and resulting in loss of functional independence, reduced quality of life and increased health resource utilization and cost. Currently, there are no effective therapies to completely prevent or treat ICUAW. NMES is one technology being evaluated for maintaining muscle mass and strength following limb injury or paralysis when loading and exercise are limited. NMES use in the ICU is limited and efficacy is compromised by the fact that current devices require manual probe placement on one muscle group at a time, with continual monitoring and protocol adjustment by a therapist, making delivery of regular treatment of adequate duration and frequency financially and operationally impossible. A smart textile NMES device can provide the form and functionality required for easy, comfortable, and sustainable administration of hours of muscle stimulation protocol mimicking activity of daily living. The textile form factor can assist in re-application of stimulation electrodes during care and improve comfort of daily therapy sessions. Embedded sensors can automate.