Principles of Universal Design for Learning in Action

Principle	Examples
Be accessible and fair.	Provide accessibility-checked course website; supply lecture outlines; use variety of media to provide information.
Provide flexibility in use, participation and presentation.	Use verbal, text, images, audio; use discussion or problem-solving exercises; post exercises and quizzes online.
Be straightforward and consistent	Use headings consistently; develop concept maps for complex topics, use plain language.
Be explicitly presented and readily perceived.	Ensure PowerPoint materials are easy to read; provide outlines and summaries.
Provide a supportive learning environment.	Expect students to have varying levels of skills; offer collaborative learning opportunities; review drafts of assignments.
Minimize unnecessary physical effort or requirements	Minimize clicking and scrolling on websites; consider lighting, physical space; have students work in pairs; provide remote access to reading material.
Ensure learning spaces fit students’ needs and instructional materials.	Match exercises to course technology; provide videotapes for review; ensure space accommodates mobility and communication needs.

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